listview控件：ListView控件的使用 2024-04-03 04:46:45 0 0 目录 一、ListView的属性 二、常用适配器（Adapter） 1、BaseAdapter BaseAdapter例子： 2、SimpleAdapter SimpleAdapter例子： 3、ArrayAdapter ArrayAdapter例子： 一、ListView的属性 常用属性：属性名称功能描述android:listSelector当条目被点击后，改变条目的背景颜色android:dividerHeight设置分割线的高度android:divider设置分割线的颜色android:scrollbars是否显示滚动条android：cacheColorHint去除listview拖动时的背景色android:fadingEdge去掉上边和下边的黑色阴影 二、常用适配器（Adapter） 在给ListView添加数据的时候会使用到适配器，适配器是数据和视图之间的桥梁。下面就简单介绍一下ListView常用的适配器。 1、BaseAdapter BaseAdapter是一个抽象类，它的主要用途是将一组数据传到ListView、Spinner、Callery及GridView等UI显示组件，该类有四个抽象方法，通常在写适配器类时，需要继承BaseAdapter，实现其四个抽象方法。BaseAdapter中的方法方法名功能描述public int getCount()获取Item条目的总数public Object getItem(int position)根据position获取某个条目对象public long getItemId(int position)根据位置获取某个条目的idpublic View getView(int position,View convertView, ViewGroup parent)获取相应的position对应的item视图，position是当前的item的位置。convertView是用于复用旧图，parent用来加载XML布局 BaseAdapter例子： MainActivity:package com.example.baseadapter_listview;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.widget.AdapterView;import android.widget.BaseAdapter;import android.widget.ImageView;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.TextView;import android.widget.Toast;import java.util.List;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private ListView mListView; public String titles[] = {"桌子","苹果","蛋糕","毛衣"}; public String prices[] = {"1800元","10/kg","30元","70元"}; public int icons[] = {R.drawable.table,R.drawable.apple,R.drawable.cake,R.drawable.sweater}; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mListView = findViewById(R.id.list_view); MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(); mListView.setAdapter(adapter); mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"物品："+titles[position]+" 价格："+prices[position],Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); } class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{ @Override public int getCount() { return titles.length; } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { return titles[position]; } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder holder = null; if (convertView==null) { convertView = View.inflate(MainActivity.this,R.layout.list_item,null); holder = new ViewHolder(); holder.title = convertView.findViewById(R.id.title_t); holder.price = convertView.findViewById(R.id.price); holder.imageView = convertView.findViewById(R.id.image_i); convertView.setTag(holder); }else { holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag(); } holder.title.setText(titles[position]); holder.imageView.setImageResource(icons[position]); holder.price.setText(prices[position]); return convertView; } } class ViewHolder{ TextView title,price; ImageView imageView; }} 总体来说，BaseAdapter类的实现步骤如下: (1)、创建bean数据集合对象，用来封装数据。 (2)、在MainActivity中，初始化数据集合对象bean。 (3)、创建ViewHolder类，创建布局映射关系。 (4)、 判断convertView，为空则创建，并设置Tag，不为空则通过Tag取出ViewHolder。 (5)、为ViewHolder的控件设置数据。 activity_main:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <ListView android:id="@+id/list_view" android:scrollbars="vertical" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"/></LinearLayout> list_item:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout android:orientation="horizontal" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <RelativeLayout android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image_i" android:layout_width="100dp" android:layout_height="100dp" android:paddingLeft="10dp" android:paddingTop="10dp" android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher_background" /> <TextView android:paddingTop="15dp" android:id="@+id/title_t" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center" android:paddingLeft="180dp" android:text="我是标题啊" android:textSize="26sp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/price" android:textSize="20sp" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:paddingLeft="150dp" android:paddingTop="70dp" android:text="000" /> </RelativeLayout></LinearLayout> 效果图： 2、SimpleAdapter SimpleAdapter是继承BaseAdapter的，实现了BaseAdapter的四个抽象方法封装，因此，使用SimpleAdapter时，在其构造器传入参数即可。 public SimpleAdapter(Context context, List<?extends Map<String,?>>data, int resource, String [ ] from, int [ ] to) 参数含义context表示上下文data数据集合，data中的每一项对应的ListView控件的条目的数据resourceItem布局的idfromMap集合的key值toItem布局中的对应控件 SimpleAdapter例子： MainActivity:package com.example.simpleadapter;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.AdapterView;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;import android.widget.Toast;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); int []imageid =new int[]{R.drawable.img1,R.drawable.img2,R.drawable.img3,R.drawable.img6,R.drawable.img4,R.drawable.img5} ; String title []= new String[]{"图片一","图片二","图片三","图片四","图片五","图片六"}; List<Map<String,Object>>listtem= new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < imageid.length; i++) { Map<String,Object>map =new HashMap<>(); map.put("image",imageid[i]); map.put("name",title[i]); listtem.add(map); }// SimpleAdapter(Context context, List<? extends Map<String, ?>> data,// int resource, String[] from, int[] to)// context：上下文// data：数据源，一个包含Map的数据集合// resource：item的布局文件// from：数据来源的key的数组，与data的Map里的key对应// to: from中的每一项数据源 对应到的 item布局中对应组件的 id。 SimpleAdapter adapter =new SimpleAdapter(this,listtem,R.layout.item,new String[]{"name","image"} ,new int []{R.id.title,R.id.photo}); ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.listview); listView.setAdapter(adapter); listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) { Map<String,Object> map = (Map<String, Object>) adapterView.getItemAtPosition(i); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,map.get("name").toString(),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); }} activity_main: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar android:layout_width="408dp" android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize" android:background="#ffff00" android:layout_gravity="center" app:title="摄影比赛" app:titleMarginStart="175dp"/> </LinearLayout> <ListView android:id="@+id/listview" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"/></LinearLayout> item:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <RelativeLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/photo" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="236dp" android:scaleType="fitXY" android:src="@drawable/img1" /> <TextView android:layout_width="141dp" android:layout_height="51dp" android:background="@color/white" android:gravity="center" android:text="距离结束12天" android:textColor="@color/black" android:textSize="20dp" /> </RelativeLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:id="@+id/title" android:layout_width="240dp" android:layout_height="57dp" android:gravity="center" android:text="秋天的味道" android:textSize="30sp" /> <TextView android:layout_width="166dp" android:layout_height="35dp" android:layout_gravity="center" android:text="尼康专业相机" android:textSize="20dp" android:gravity="center"/> </LinearLayout></LinearLayout> 效果图： 3、ArrayAdapter ArrayAdapter也是继承BaseAdapter的，实现了BaseAdapter的四个抽象方法封装，因此，使用ArrayAdapterr时，在其构造器传入参数即可。 ArrayAdapter的构造器如下： public ArrayAdapter(Context context, int resource); public ArrayAdapter(Context context, int resource, int textViewResourceId); public ArrayAdapter(Context context, int resource, T [ ] object); public ArrayAdapter(Context context, int resource, int textViewResourceId, T [ ] object); public ArrayAdapter(Context context, int resource, List<T> object); public ArrayAdapter(Context context, int resource, int textViewResourceId,List<T> object);参数含义context表示上下文texViewResourceIdItem布局相应的TextView的idresourceItem布局的idT [] objects需要适配的数组类型的数据List <T> objects需要适配的集合类型的数据 ArrayAdapter例子： 案例一： 使用的构造器是public ArrayAdapter(Context context, int resource, int textViewResourceId,List<T> object); MainActivity布局：package com.example.arrayadapter_listview;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;import android.widget.ListView;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { // 准备数据 private String[] data = { "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango", "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango" }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // 创建适配器 ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>( MainActivity.this,R.layout.item,R.id.text,data); ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view); // 绑定适配器 listView.setAdapter(adapter);package com.example.arrayadapter_listview;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.AdapterView;import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.Toast;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { // 准备数据 private String[] data = { "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango", "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango" }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // 创建适配器 ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>( MainActivity.this,R.layout.item,R.id.text,data); ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view); // 绑定适配器 listView.setAdapter(adapter); // 点击事件 listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,data[position],Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); }} }} activity_main布局：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <ListView android:id="@+id/list_view" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"/></LinearLayout> item布局： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <TextView android:text="111" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="25sp" android:gravity="center" android:id="@+id/text" /> </LinearLayout></LinearLayout> 运行结果： 案例二： MainActivity:package com.example.arrayadapter2_listview;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.AdapterView;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.Toast;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { // 准备数据List<Fruit> mFruits = new ArrayList<>(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // 初始化数据 initData(); // 创建适配器 MyAdapter myAdapter = new MyAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,mFruits); ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.list_view); // 设置适配器 listView.setAdapter(myAdapter); listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Fruit fruit = mFruits.get(position); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"您点击了"+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); } private void initData() { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { Fruit apple = new Fruit("苹果",R.drawable.apple); mFruits.add(apple); Fruit orange = new Fruit("橘子",R.drawable.orange); mFruits.add(orange); Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("草莓",R.drawable.strawberry); mFruits.add(strawberry); Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("西瓜",R.drawable.watermelon); mFruits.add(watermelon); Fruit lemon = new Fruit("柠檬",R.drawable.lemon); mFruits.add(lemon); Fruit pear = new Fruit("梨子",R.drawable.pear); mFruits.add(pear); Fruit kiwi = new Fruit("猕猴桃",R.drawable.kiwi); mFruits.add(kiwi); Fruit tomato = new Fruit("西红柿",R.drawable.tomato); mFruits.add(tomato); Fruit grape = new Fruit("葡萄",R.drawable.grape); mFruits.add(grape); } }} MyAdapter:package com.example.arrayadapter2_listview;import android.content.Context;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;import android.widget.ImageView;import android.widget.TextView;import java.util.List;public class MyAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {private int resourceId; public MyAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) { super(context, textViewResourceId, objects); resourceId = textViewResourceId; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { Fruit fruit = getItem(position); View view; ViewHolder viewHolder; if (convertView == null) { view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false); viewHolder = new ViewHolder(); viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById (R.id.fruit_image); viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById (R.id.fruit_name); view.setTag(viewHolder); // 将ViewHolder存储在View中 } else { view = convertView; viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); // 重新获取ViewHolder } viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId()); viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName()); return view; } class ViewHolder { ImageView fruitImage; TextView fruitName; }} Fruit:package com.example.arrayadapter2_listview;public class Fruit { private String name; private int imageId; public Fruit(String name, int imageId) { this.name = name; this.imageId = imageId; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getImageId() { return imageId; }} activity_main:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <ListView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:id="@+id/list_view" android:scrollbars="vertical"/></LinearLayout> fruit_item:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <ImageView android:scaleType="fitXY" android:src="@drawable/apple" android:id="@+id/fruit_image" android:layout_width="100dp" android:layout_height="100dp" /> <TextView android:textSize="25sp" android:id="@+id/fruit_name" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" android:layout_marginLeft="50dp" /></LinearLayout> 效果图： 传送门ListView的子类ExpandableListView：ExpandableListView控件的使用_敬往事一杯酒哈的博客-CSDN博客 收藏（0）